Beyond Data: Conceptualizing Human-Centric Digital Twins for the Future of Construction
2026
Download PaperDOI: https://doi.org/10.60164/6dc35lp9b
Authors: Lynn Shehab, Gaang Lee, Farook Hamzeh
Citation:
Shehab, L., Lee, G., and Hamzeh, F. (2026). Beyond Data: Conceptualizing Human-Centric Digital Twins for the Future of Construction. Lean Construction Journal 2026 Special Issue CRC-CSCE pp 01-17 https:/doi.org/10.60164/6dc35lp9b (Submitted 10Jan2026; Accepted 28Aug2026) www.leanconstructionjournal.org
Abstract:
Research Question: How can Human-Centric Digital Twins (HCDTs) be conceptually structured and practically implemented in construction projects to integrate physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and environmental data for improving worker safety, well-being, and operational performance?
Purpose: To propose a comprehensive HCDT framework for construction and to present a structured implementation roadmap that translates this conceptual framework into a practical and phased deployment strategy.
Research Design/Method: A conceptual research design supported by a structured literature review.
Findings: The paper proposes a novel three-layer HCDT framework consisting of (1) data collection and acquisition, (2) data processing and analysis, and (3) decision-making and feedback. In addition, a four-phase implementation roadmap is developed, guiding organizations from readiness and governance to pilot deployment, scaling, and enterprise-level institutionalization.
Limitations: The study is conceptual in nature and does not include empirical validation or real-world case studies. The feasibility, cost implications, worker acceptance, data privacy challenges, and technical performance of HCDTs in active construction environments remain untested.
Academic merits: For research, the paper provides a foundation for empirical investigations into HCDTs, including physiological and cognitive monitoring methods, predictive analytics, and human-in-the-loop decision systems. For industry, the roadmap offers a structured pathway for adopting HCDTs while addressing governance, privacy, and workforce integration challenges.
Value for practitioners: This paper provides construction practitioners with a clear and phased roadmap for implementing HCDTs in real projects. The proposed approach enables practitioners to move beyond technology-focused digital twins by incorporating worker health, fatigue, and environmental conditions into safety and operational decisions. By following the roadmap, practitioners can improve risk detection, design more adaptive work environments, enhance worker well-being, and avoid ad hoc or ethically problematic implementations of workforce monitoring technologies.
Keywords: Digital twin, human factors, wearable sensors, environmental sensors, framework, implementation roadmap.
Paper type: Full paper