Using Lean Principles to Optimize the Delivery Process of Façade Engineering

Using Lean Principles to Optimize the Delivery Process of Façade Engineering

2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.60164/ies06scy6

Authors: Marie Belle Georges, Issam Srour, Hisham Abou Ibrahim

Citation:

Georges, M. B., Srour, I., and Abou Ibrahim, H. (2026). Using Lean Principles to Optimize the Delivery Process of Façade Engineering. Lean Construction Journal 2026 Special Issue CRC-CSCE pp 79-95 https://doi.org/10.60164/ies06scy6 (Submitted 10Jan2026; Accepted 28Aug2026) www.leanconstructionjournal.org

Abstract:

Question: How can Lean Construction principles, and Value Stream Mapping (VSM) in particular, be applied to visualize and improve the façade engineering delivery process?

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop and apply current-state and future-state Value Stream Maps to the façade engineering delivery process to identify sources of workflow inefficiency and propose Lean-based improvements.

Research Method: The study applies a Design Science Research approach to a representative façade engineering case, combining semi-structured interviews with 15 international façade experts and a systematic literature review to define process phases and consultant–contractor interfaces, and develop current and future-state VSMs.

Findings: The current-state VSM reveals significant inefficiencies related to fragmented communication, late contractor involvement, design rework, approval delays, and information handoff discontinuities. The future-state VSM demonstrates that early contractor involvement and digital collaboration platforms can substantially reduce workflow fragmentation and non-value-added activities, with expert informed estimates indicating up to a 60% reduction in non-value-added time.

Limitations: The VSM was developed using a generic façade case and expert judgment rather than project-specific quantitative data; therefore, the results indicate potential improvements requiring empirical validation.

Implications: The study demonstrates that Lean principles and VSM can be effectively adapted to engineering intensive, iterative delivery processes, extending their application beyond traditional linear construction workflows.

Value for practitioners: The proposed VSM framework enables façade stakeholders to visualize workflows, diagnose delays and rework, and improve coordination, predictability, and delivery performance.

Keywords: Lean Construction, Value Stream Mapping, façade engineering, workflow variability, early contractor involvement, process optimization.

Paper type: Full paper